diff --git a/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md b/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
index d451104..f12dd42 100644
--- a/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -118,9 +118,11 @@ Models are addressed as `"driver:model"` (split on the first `:`).
   `openai` / `anthropic` / `deepseek` / `gemini` keys in settings
   (`GET/PUT/DELETE /api/me/providers`, keys stored in `user_provider_keys`,
   never returned — GET exposes presence + last4 only). `GET /api/models`
-  merges the caller's own-key models into their menu, and `POST /api/chat`
-  prefers the personal key for those four providers (also when the global
-  driver is disabled). The admin model policy still applies. Driver
+  merges the caller's own-key models into their menu (a personal entry
+  replaces the platform entry with the same id, flagged `personal: true` so
+  the picker lists it under its own "driver · personal key" section), and
+  `POST /api/chat` prefers the personal key for those four providers (also
+  when the global driver is disabled). The admin model policy still applies. Driver
   constructors accept an `apiKeyOverride` for these per-user instances.
 - `ArcaicSubDriver` ×3 (`arcaic-openai`, `arcaic-gemini`, `arcaic-qwen`,
   one model each: `chat`) + `browser.ts` engine: web-UI sessions driven by a
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Chat.tsx b/frontend/src/components/Chat.tsx
index ae15c93..e4bfa92 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Chat.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Chat.tsx
@@ -241,9 +241,12 @@ export function Chat({
   const modelGroups: PickerGroup[] = (() => {
     const byDriver = new Map<string, { value: string; label: string; hint: string }[]>();
     for (const m of models) {
-      const group = m.group ?? m.driver;
+      // Own-key (BYOK) models get their own section so they are never
+      // confused with platform models: "openai · personal key".
+      const base = m.group ?? m.driver;
+      const group = m.personal ? `${base} · ${t("chat.personalTag")}` : base;
       const list = byDriver.get(group) ?? [];
-      list.push({ value: m.id, label: m.label, hint: m.id });
+      list.push({ value: m.id, label: m.label, hint: m.personal ? `${m.id} · ${t("chat.personalTag")}` : m.id });
       byDriver.set(group, list);
     }
     return [...byDriver.entries()].map(([group, options]) => ({ group, options }));
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts
index af91640..33ca5e3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ const en = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Model",
   "chat.noModels": "No models",
   "chat.selectModel": "Select model…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "personal key",
   "chat.you": "You",
   "chat.greet": "How can I help, {name}?",
   "chat.greetSub": "Pick a model, then type below. Markdown is supported.",
@@ -633,6 +634,7 @@ const es: Dict = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Modelo",
   "chat.noModels": "Sin modelos",
   "chat.selectModel": "Elegir modelo…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "clave personal",
   "chat.you": "Tú",
   "chat.greet": "¿En qué te ayudo, {name}?",
   "chat.greetSub": "Elige un modelo y escribe abajo. Markdown soportado.",
@@ -1163,6 +1165,7 @@ const fr: Dict = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Modèle",
   "chat.noModels": "Aucun modèle",
   "chat.selectModel": "Choisir un modèle…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "clé personnelle",
   "chat.you": "Vous",
   "chat.greet": "Comment puis-je aider, {name} ?",
   "chat.greetSub":
@@ -1693,6 +1696,7 @@ const ru: Dict = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Модель",
   "chat.noModels": "Нет моделей",
   "chat.selectModel": "Выбрать модель…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "свой ключ",
   "chat.you": "Вы",
   "chat.greet": "Чем помочь, {name}?",
   "chat.greetSub": "Выберите модель и пишите ниже. Поддерживается Markdown.",
@@ -2210,6 +2214,7 @@ const it: Dict = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Modello",
   "chat.noModels": "Nessun modello",
   "chat.selectModel": "Scegli modello…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "chiave personale",
   "chat.you": "Tu",
   "chat.greet": "Come posso aiutare, {name}?",
   "chat.greetSub": "Scegli un modello e scrivi qui sotto. Markdown supportato.",
@@ -2733,6 +2738,7 @@ const pt: Dict = {
   "chat.modelAria": "Modelo",
   "chat.noModels": "Sem modelos",
   "chat.selectModel": "Escolher modelo…",
+  "chat.personalTag": "chave pessoal",
   "chat.you": "Tu",
   "chat.greet": "Como posso ajudar, {name}?",
   "chat.greetSub": "Escolhe um modelo e escreve abaixo. Markdown suportado.",
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/types.ts b/frontend/src/lib/types.ts
index fa6d567..782d7ce 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/types.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ export interface DriverModel {
   driver: string;
   label: string;
   group?: string;
+  /** Served through your own provider key (BYOK) — shown in its own menu section. */
+  personal?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface Attachment {
diff --git a/src/drivers/types.ts b/src/drivers/types.ts
index c2addaf..f1fe9e7 100644
--- a/src/drivers/types.ts
+++ b/src/drivers/types.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ export interface DriverModel {
   label: string;
   /** Display category in the model picker (defaults to `driver`). */
   group?: string;
+  /** True when served through the caller's own provider key (BYOK) rather
+   *  than the platform key — the UI lists these in their own section. */
+  personal?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface ChatOptions {
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index bd145f5..9793f8e 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -1274,16 +1274,17 @@ const server = Bun.serve<{ ticketId: string | null; isAdmin: boolean }>({
         // mutated by the per-user merge below.
         const models = [...(await registry.listAllModelsCached(wantRefresh && admin))];
         // Personal providers (BYOK): merge the caller's own-key models.
-        // Same ids as the global drivers, so already-listed ones are skipped
-        // and the model picker groups them with their driver.
+        // A personal entry replaces the platform entry with the same id so
+        // the menu shows one clearly-marked (personal: true) section per
+        // connected provider — matching /api/chat, which bills those ids
+        // to the personal key.
         try {
           const personal = await listUserProviderModels(user.id);
-          const seen = new Set(models.map((m) => m.id));
+          const at = new Map(models.map((m, i) => [m.id, i]));
           for (const m of personal) {
-            if (!seen.has(m.id)) {
-              seen.add(m.id);
-              models.push(m);
-            }
+            const idx = at.get(m.id);
+            if (idx === undefined) models.push(m);
+            else models[idx] = m;
           }
         } catch {
           // personal listing is best-effort — global models still served
diff --git a/src/userProviders.ts b/src/userProviders.ts
index 58c591a..60133e6 100644
--- a/src/userProviders.ts
+++ b/src/userProviders.ts
@@ -99,9 +99,10 @@ export function buildUserProviderDriver(provider: UserProviderId, apiKey: string
 }
 
 /**
- * List models reachable with the user's own keys. Never throws: a failing
- * provider is skipped (its driver falls back to a static list, and only a
- * total failure is swallowed here).
+ * List models reachable with the user's own keys. Every entry is marked
+ * `personal: true` so the UI can list them in their own menu section.
+ * Never throws: a failing provider is skipped (its driver falls back to a
+ * static list, and only a total failure is swallowed here).
  */
 export async function listUserProviderModels(userId: string): Promise<DriverModel[]> {
   const out: DriverModel[] = [];
@@ -109,7 +110,9 @@ export async function listUserProviderModels(userId: string): Promise<DriverMode
     const key = getUserProviderKey(userId, p);
     if (!key) return;
     try {
-      out.push(...(await buildUserProviderDriver(p, key).listModels()));
+      for (const m of await buildUserProviderDriver(p, key).listModels()) {
+        out.push({ ...m, personal: true });
+      }
     } catch (e) {
       console.error(`[providers] user ${p} listModels failed:`, (e as Error).message);
     }